荷兰 Praat 语音学软件 Praat

摘要 · 中文整理：元音的声学动态具有一定的说话人识别特征，这被归因于发音策略的个体属性：共振峰过渡之所以呈特定形状，是因为说话人以特定且熟练的动作移动发音器官。然而，关于不同发音策略会系统性影响共振峰动态的证据很少。本研究证实了二者之间的联系。利用 36 名英格兰北部英语说话人的超声舌位成像数据，识别硬腭元音 /i/ 产生的不同发音策略。结果发现 /i/ 的舌形是带硬腭滑音双元音共振峰动态的显著预测因素。所观察到的关系可由受声道形状制约的发音运动特征解释：舌根和/或舌背更大的发音位移会使硬腭元音偏离平均舌形更多，也需要更高的发音速度，从而产生相对更早、更陡的共振峰过渡。结果阐明了发音补偿中的规整化与个体化两方面，有助于从概念上理解言语的个体性。

原文摘要：Acoustic vowel dynamics have some speaker-identifying characteristics, which have been ascribed to individual properties of articulatory strategies: formant transitions have a particular shape because speakers move their articulators, using specific and practised movements. However, there is little existing evidence that different articulatory strategies systematically affect formant dynamics. The present study corroborates the link between the two. Ultrasound tongue imaging data from 36 speakers of Northern-Anglo English are used to identify distinct articulatory strategies for the production of palatal vowel /i/. Tongue shape in /i/ is found to be a significant predictor of formant dynamics in diphthongs with a palatal offglide. The observed relationships can be explained by the characteristics of articulatory movement conditioned by vocal tract shape. Greater articulatory displacement of tongue root and/or dorsum produces greater distortion from the mean tongue shape in palatal vowels, and it also requires higher articulatory velocities, resulting in relatively earlier and steeper formant transitions. The results contribute to the conceptual understanding of individuality in speech, by illuminating the regularising and individual aspects of articulatory compensation.

关键词：元音动态、发音策略、超声舌位成像、共振峰过渡、说话人特异性

研究目标：检验说话人个体的发音策略（以 /i/ 的舌形表征）是否系统性地影响双元音共振峰动态，从而解释元音动态中的说话人特异性。

主要结论：/i/ 的舌形主成分显著预测 I 类双元音的共振峰轨迹；舌根/舌背位移更大的说话人过渡更早更陡，发音策略确是元音声学动态个体差异的来源之一。

创新点：首次将超声舌位成像的说话人层面舌形量化（Procrustes + PCA）与 FastTrack/Praat 提取的高时间分辨率共振峰轨迹通过 GAMM 直接关联，为司法语音学中的说话人特异性提供发音学证据。

后续建议：扩展到其他方言与语言以检验结论的跨语言普适性；纳入下颌与唇部运动数据以获得更完整的发音策略刻画；比较不同共振峰追踪算法对动态测量的影响；增加自发语体数据检验实验室朗读语料的外推性；结合说话人识别模型评估舌形特征对识别性能的增益

APA 引文：Strycharczuk, P., Lo, J. J. H., & Kirkham, S. (2026). Articulatory strategy as a source of variation in acoustic vowel dynamics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 159(5), 4068–4078. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0043814

仪器引用：Formant measurements were extracted at every 2ms using FastTrack (Barreda, 2021), running on Praat version 6.2.14 (Boersma and Weenink, 2022). These measurements were then normalised using the ΔF method (Johnson, 2020).

摘要 · 中文整理：背景：嗓音声学分析可为嗓音参数提供客观测量，但在声门变异性增大的重度发声障碍患者中，传统分析变得不可靠。平滑倒谱峰突出度（CPPS）是与严重程度成比例的可靠发声障碍预测指标。材料与方法：使用 Praat 软件对 51 例伴喉部病变的发声障碍患者和 24 例非发声障碍对照者进行持续元音与连续语音分析以获取 CPPS 值，同时采集频率扰动变量和嗓音障碍指数（VHI-30）。结果：发声障碍患者在持续元音（6.59，IQR 4.09–9.38，p < 0.001）和连续语音（4.82，IQR 3.57–6.03，p < 0.001）中的 CPPS 中位数显著低于非发声障碍人群（分别为 11.69 和 6.38，p < 0.001）。结论：低 CPPS 值是发声障碍嗓音中潜在喉部病变的可靠预测指标，可作为常规筛查与诊断工具。

原文摘要：Background: Acoustic vocal analysis provides objective measurements of voice parameters; however, conventional analysis becomes unreliable in severely dysphonic patients with increased glottic variability. Smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) is a reliable predictor of dysphonia that is proportional to its severity. Materials and methods: Sustained vowel and continuous speech analysis was performed using the Praat software to obtain CPPS values in 51 dysphonic patients with laryngeal pathology and 24 non-dysphonic controls. Frequency perturbation variables and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30) were also collected. Results: Dysphonic patients showed a significantly lower median CPPS in sustained vowels (6.59, IQR 4.09-9.38, p < 0.001) and connected speech (4.82, IQR 3.57-6.03, p < 0.001) compared with the non-dysphonic population (11.69 and 6.38, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A low CPPS value is a reliable predictor of underlying laryngeal pathology in dysphonic voices and could be implemented routinely as a screening and diagnostic tool.

关键词：倒谱峰突出度、发声障碍、喉部病变、言语、嗓音评估

研究目标：传统扰动类声学参数在重度发声障碍患者中可靠性差，需验证 CPPS 在墨西哥成人群体中区分喉部病变与正常嗓音的能力。

主要结论：发声障碍患者的 CPPS 在持续元音与连续语音中均显著低于对照组，低 CPPS 值可可靠预示潜在喉部病变，可作为常规筛查与诊断工具。

创新点：首次在墨西哥西班牙语人群中使用免费的 Praat 软件同时在持续元音与连续语句上建立 CPPS 参考值，并公开了完整的 Praat 参数设置。

后续建议：扩大样本并开展多中心研究以建立人群特异的 CPPS 正常阈值；对年龄进行匹配或校正以消除组间年龄差异的混杂；增加 ROC 分析确定最佳 CPPS 截断值；按喉部病变类型分层分析 CPPS 的鉴别能力；结合自动化 Praat 脚本实现批量化临床筛查

APA 引文：Cortés Ponce, J. R., Garza Montelongo, L. Á., Juárez Silva, J. E., & Treviño González, J. L. (2024). Smoothed cepstral peak prominence: A comparison between dysphonic and non-dysphonic Mexican adults employing the Praat software. Cureus, 16(10), e72292. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.72292

仪器引用：Sustained vowel and continuous speech analysis was performed using the Praat software (Version 6.1.15, developed by Paul Boersma and David Weenink, Phonetic Sciences, University of Ámsterdam, https://www.praat.org) ... Praat software version 6.2.09 (2021, Boersma P, Weenink D) ... Sound [vowels or phrases] analyze periodicity → PowerCepstrogram [Pitch floor = 60 Hz; time step = 0.002 s; maximum frequency = 5 000 Hz; pre-emphasis = 50 Hz]

摘要 · 中文整理：言语障碍是上颌肿瘤手术切除后的常见并发症，严重影响患者生活质量。Computerized Speech Lab（CSL）是广泛用于声学分析的商业软件，而 Praat 可在互联网上免费获取，患者与临床医生均可用其练习多种治疗目标。本研究旨在比较 Praat 与 CSL 获得的共振峰频率测量结果，以确定两种软件对上颌骨切除患者言语是否给出可比结果。对 37 名上颌骨切除患者的五个日语元音，分别用默认设置和调整设置的 Praat 以及作为参考的 CSL 进行分析。所有声学特征和所有 Praat 设置下，两种软件间均呈高度正相关。CSL 与 Praat 结果的强相关提示两种程序对非典型言语及两性均可能采用相似的判定策略。

原文摘要：Speech impairment is a common complication after surgical resection of maxillary tumors, which negatively affects patients' quality of life. Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) is a commercial software widely used for acoustic analysis, whereas Praat is freely available on the internet and can be used by patients and clinicians to practice several therapy goals. This study aimed to compare formant frequency measurements obtained with Praat and CSL to determine whether the two software produce comparable results for maxillectomy speech. Five Japanese vowels from 37 maxillectomy patients were analyzed using Praat with default and adjusted settings and CSL as the reference. Highly positive correlations between both software were found for all acoustic features and all Praat settings. The strong correlations between the results of both CSL and Praat suggest that both programs may have similar decision strategies for atypical speech and for both sexes.

关键词：Praat 软件、计算机语音实验室（CSL）、上颌骨切除术、元音、共振峰分析

研究目标：验证免费软件 Praat 在上颌骨切除患者这类非典型言语中测得的元音共振峰是否与商业参考软件 CSL 一致，并探索适合的参数设置。

主要结论：Praat 与 CSL 在 F1、F2 及其范围上均高度相关；默认设置即具可预期的准确性，按性别调整共振峰上限的设置在难以定位共振峰时结果更优，两种软件对非典型言语可能具有相似的判定策略。

创新点：首次在上颌骨切除患者群体中系统比较 Praat 与 CSL 的共振峰测量，并提出按性别调整的 Praat 参数方案，为患者居家康复使用免费软件提供依据。

后续建议：纳入健康对照与不同缺损分级患者以检验设置的普适性；增加 F3 及元音空间面积等指标扩展比较范围；使用连续语句而非仅持续元音评估软件一致性；引入 Bland–Altman 分析量化两软件的系统偏差；开发自动化 Praat 脚本用于患者自我监测

APA 引文：Ali, I. E., Sumita, Y., & Wakabayashi, N. (2023). Comparison of Praat and Computerized Speech Lab for formant analysis of five Japanese vowels in maxillectomy patients. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1098197. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1098197

仪器引用：Praat (Version 6.2.09; developed by Boersma and Weenink, Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands) ... The Praat software was used without changing the default settings ... formant ceiling was 5,500 Hz, and five formants were displayed ... window length of 0.025 s ... F1 and F2 for each vowel were automatically calculated using the pre-set 'Log 2' script from the 'query' menu.