英国 icSpeech 便携式电子腭位仪 LinguaGraph

摘要 · 中文整理：本文以超声可视化与电子腭位法为基础研究阿尔泰语的鼻辅音。既往研究在该语言中区分出三个鼻辅音音位：前舌音、中舌音与后舌音。实验以一名阿尔泰语母语发音人为对象，刺激材料为孤立词形，每个词形以列举语调朗读三次。超声检查使用 Articulate Instruments 公司生产的超声固定头盔完成，所得数据用 Articulate Assistant Advanced 软件处理；该技术能够观察发音过程中口腔内舌的侧影与运动，并评估发音性质。电子腭位记录使用 Rose Medical 的设备完成，所记录的材料用 icSpeech Professional 软件分析。逐人定制、含 62 个电极探点的人工硅胶假腭被置于发音人的硬腭上，用于确定舌的接触点。

原文摘要：The article studies nasal consonants in the Altai language on the basis of ultrasound visualization and electropalatography. According to previous research, three nasal consonant phonemes were distinguished in the language: forelingual /n/, midiolingual and backlingual. The experiment was conducted with one subject - a native speaker of the Altai language. The stimuli were isolated word forms pronounced three times with the intonation of enumeration. The ultrasound examination was performed using an ultrasound helmet manufactured by Articulate Instruments and data obtained were processed Articulate Assistant Advanced software. This technology allows one to see the profile and movement of the tongue in the oral cavity during pronunciation and assess the nature of articulation. Electropalatography was performed using Rose Medical equipment and material recorded was analyzed using icSpeech Professional software. An artificial silicone palate, which is manufactured individually for each subject and includes 62 electrical probes, was placed on the speaker's hard palate and used to determine the points of contact of the tongue.

关键词：阿尔泰语、鼻辅音、电子腭位法、超声舌成像、发音、发音部位、实验语音学

研究目标：传统的 X 光摄影与静态齿腭图难以在连续语流中精确刻画阿尔泰语鼻辅音的发音部位，本文要解决的问题是：用电子腭位与超声等现代仪器手段，对阿尔泰语三个鼻辅音音位及其变体的发音部位作可量化、可重复的描写，并检验早期传统方法所得结论是否可靠。

主要结论：依据齿龈、硬腭、软腭接触系数与最大收窄点等指标，阿尔泰语鼻辅音可区分为五个实现：后元音词中 /n/ 的齿龈软腭化变体、前元音词中 /n/ 的齿龈腭化变体、/ɲ/ 的舌中硬腭中部变体、前元音词中 /ŋ/ 的硬腭后部变体、后元音词中 /ŋ/ 的舌后小舌变体；元音音色对鼻辅音发音部位有系统性影响，所得结果与早期传统方法的描写基本一致。

创新点：把 62 电极电子腭位仪与超声舌成像结合用于西伯利亚突厥语的辅音研究；提出并使用齿龈、硬腭、软腭接触系数与最大收窄点、最大舌体抬升点等可量化指标；以 EMU-SDMS 把腭位、超声与声学标注整合为统一数据库，用 R 语言完成统计与绘图，使描写由单帧图片转为均值与变异区间。

后续建议：增加发音人数量与性别、年龄分布，以检验单人结论的普遍性；扩充语料，把鼻辅音置于词中、词尾及连续语流等更多语音环境中考察；补充软腭抬降或鼻流量测量，弥补电子腭位法无法直接观测鼻腔通道的不足；对同一批指标引入统计显著性检验与分类模型，提高变体判别的客观性；把同一套指标推广到其他南西伯利亚突厥语，做跨语言的类型学比较

APA 引文：Ryzhikova, T. R., Timkin, T. V., & Dobrynina, A. A. (2024). Lingual nasal consonants of the Altai language (results of electropalatographic and ultrasound research). Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, (88), 92–110. https://doi.org/10.17223/19986645/88/5

仪器引用：Electropalatography was performed using Rose Medical equipment and material recorded was analyzed using icSpeech Professional software. An artificial silicone palate, which is manufactured individually for each subject and includes 62 electrical probes, was placed on the speaker's hard palate and used to determine the points of contact of the tongue with the palate during articulation.