美国 KayPENTAX 鼻音计 6450

摘要 · 中文整理：本研究通过两项实验考察 Nasometer 6450 的校准操作如何影响测量信度：实验中对校准值进行人为操控，并比较不同录音会话的结果。校准值取 0.9 时，鼻音度得分平均比标准校准值低约 3 个点。四种方案在短期与长期录音条件下测试了不同的重新校准频次，结果显示 91% 的数据重测差异小于 2 个鼻音度点。研究提示频繁重新校准会略微增大测量变异，建议采用其他的麦克风核验方式替代频繁校准。

原文摘要：This research examined how Nasometer 6450 calibration practices affect measurement reliability through two experiments manipulating calibration values and comparing recording sessions. A calibration value of 0.9 resulted in nasalance scores that were on average 3 points lower than standard values. Four regimens tested short-term and long-term recordings with varying recalibration frequencies revealed test-retest differences of less than 2 nasalance points for 91% of the data. Findings suggest frequent recalibration slightly increases measurement variability, recommending alternative microphone verification procedures.

关键词：声学分析、言语、鼻音性、鼻音度、鼻流计

研究目标：解决临床与科研中对鼻音计校准频次缺乏证据依据的问题，明确频繁重新校准是否反而增加鼻音化率的重测误差。

主要结论：校准系数的偏离会以非对称方式改变鼻音化率读数；在固定刺激条件下，6450 型鼻音计本身具有良好的重测稳定性，而过于频繁的重新校准会略微增大重测差异，因此不建议每次测量前都重新校准，可改用核验麦克风平衡的替代流程。

创新点：通过直接操控软件注册表中的校准系数量化其对鼻音化率的影响，并用预录语音回放的方式剥离被试发声变异，首次系统比较四种校准方案下的短期与跨日重测差异。

后续建议：在多台不同序列号的 6450 型仪器上重复验证，检验结论的设备间普适性；加入真人被试样本，评估发声变异与仪器变异的相对贡献；将替代性麦克风平衡核验流程标准化并进行多中心可行性验证；扩展到更长时间跨度（如数月）的漂移监测；针对鼻音亢进患者语料检验结论在临床人群中的适用性

APA 引文：Hahm, J., & Bressmann, T. (2022). Effects of different calibration schedules on the test-retest differences of nasalance scores obtained with the Nasometer 6450. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 36(2-3), 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2021.1974094

仪器引用：In the second experiment, a set of pre-recorded speech samples was re-recorded 40 times with a Nasometer 6450 in 4 different calibration regimens: Short-term repeated recordings without (R1) and with recalibration (R2C), and long-term repeated recordings over 10 days without (R3) and with recalibration (R4C).

摘要 · 中文整理：本研究考察在新冠疫情期间使用聚氯乙烯家用保鲜膜包裹是否会影响 Nasometer 6450 麦克风的测量结果。研究者使用来自两位说话人的预录声音文件，比较基线条件与三种包裹条件下的鼻音度得分。包裹条件与基线条件之间的均值差达到基线条件内变异的 8.2 至 15.3 倍。结果表明，由于测量变异显著增大，临床工作者应避免用保鲜膜包裹麦克风，并应在操作设备时佩戴手套。

原文摘要：Investigation examined whether polyvinyl chloride household wrap covering affects Nasometer 6450 microphone measurements during COVID-19. Using pre-recorded sound files from two speakers, researchers compared nasalance scores across baseline and three wrap conditions. Mean differences between the wrap cover and the baseline conditions were 8.2 to 15.3 times larger than baseline variations. Findings indicate clinicians should avoid covering microphones with plastic wrap due to substantially increased measurement variability and should use gloves when handling equipment.

关键词：共鸣、空气动力学、声学、言语产生、鼻音性

研究目标：解决疫情背景下临床为感染控制而包覆鼻音计麦克风是否会损害鼻音化率测量准确性这一实际问题。

主要结论：用聚氯乙烯家用保鲜膜包覆鼻音计麦克风会使测量值相对基线产生 8.2 至 15.3 倍于基线波动的偏移，误差幅度大且不可预测，因此不应将其作为鼻音计的感染控制手段。

创新点：首次用扬声器回放固定声学刺激的可控装置，定量评估感染控制包覆材料对鼻音计声学通道的影响，把临床操作习惯转化为可测量的误差指标。

后续建议：测试更薄、声学透明度更高的替代性一次性覆膜材料并量化其衰减；评估可高温或化学消毒的可拆卸麦克风罩方案；补充真人被试验证，检验结论在临床采集条件下的稳定性；对包覆条件建立校正系数，探讨事后修正的可行性；测量包覆材料对不同频段的传递函数，解释口鼻通道衰减不对称的机制

APA 引文：Bressmann, T. (2022). Covering Nasometer microphones with plastic wrap for infection control increases retest variability of nasalance scores. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 59(10), 1314-1318. https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211051582

仪器引用：A Nasometer 6450 was used for the experiment. The Nasometer software was run on a Dell Vostro 1000 laptop.

摘要 · 中文整理：目的：采用标准化西班牙语语料，确定无颅面畸形与言语障碍的智利成人的鼻音化率常模值。方法：使用 6450 型鼻音计，对智利成年被试朗读口腔音、口鼻音、鼻音三类语料时的鼻音化率进行采集，计算描述性统计量，并分析性别与语料类型对鼻音化率的影响。结果：不同语料类型间鼻音化率差异显著，口腔音语料最低、鼻音语料最高，并考察了性别相关差异。结论：所报告的鼻音化率参考值为智利西班牙语使用者的共鸣功能仪器化评估提供了常模依据，有助于腭咽功能障碍与腭裂患者的临床判别。

原文摘要：Purpose: To determine normative nasalance scores in Chilean adults without craniofacial anomalies or speech disorders, using standardized Spanish speech stimuli. Methods: Nasalance scores were obtained with a model 6450 Nasometer in a sample of Chilean adult speakers who read oral, oronasal and nasal stimuli. Descriptive statistics were computed and the influence of sex and stimulus type on nasalance was analyzed. Results: Nasalance scores differed significantly across stimulus types, with the lowest values for oral stimuli and the highest for nasal stimuli; sex-related differences were examined. Conclusion: The reference nasalance values reported here provide a normative basis for the instrumental assessment of resonance in Chilean Spanish speakers, supporting clinical decision making in patients with velopharyngeal dysfunction and cleft palate.

关键词：鼻音化率、腭咽闭合不全、腭裂、言语语言病理学、言语

研究目标：解决智利西班牙语使用者缺乏本土鼻音化率常模、临床只能借用其他语种参考值从而导致腭咽功能判别偏差的问题。

主要结论：智利成人在口腔音、口鼻音与鼻音三类标准语料上的鼻音化率呈现由低到高的梯度分布，据此建立的本土常模可作为判别鼻音异常的参考界值，为腭咽闭合不全与唇腭裂患者的客观评估提供依据。

创新点：首次针对智利西班牙语成人群体、使用 6450 型鼻音计系统建立鼻音化率常模，并说明语种、方言差异对常模界值的影响。

后续建议：扩大样本量并覆盖儿童、青少年与老年人群，建立全年龄段常模；增加不同地区方言的分层，检验方言对鼻音化率的影响；补充重测信度与不同检查者间信度的评估；将常模界值在腭咽闭合不全患者样本中进行敏感度与特异度验证；同步采集鼻咽内镜或听感评估结果，建立多模态判别模型

APA 引文：Inostroza-Allende, F., Palomares-Aguilera, M., Gonzalez Jara, M., Quezada Gaponov, C., Giugliano Villarroel, C., & Pegoraro-Krook, M. I. (2022). Normative nasalance scores in Chilean adults. CoDAS, 34(6), e20210152. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212021152

仪器引用：Nasalance scores were obtained with a model 6450 Nasometer (Kay Elemetrics Corp.), whose two microphones are separated by a sound separation plate placed above the upper lip of the participant, registering nasal and oral acoustic energy during the reading of the standardized Spanish stimuli.