美国 BIOPAC 数据采集与分析系统 MP150

摘要 · 中文整理：诸如婴儿啼哭或施工噪声这类日常厌恶体验并不危及生命，却能强烈塑造个体的情感体验与生理状态。以往情感表象研究多集中于恐惧与焦虑，对温和的日常厌恶事件表象的机制探讨不足。本研究通过五项实验系统考察了厌恶性与愉悦性心理表象的行为与生理反应。实验一发现，与视听刺激和纯听觉刺激相比，厌恶性表象能引发稳健的皱眉肌肌电增强，但自主神经反应相对较弱。实验二与实验三识别出决定表象效力的关键方法学因素，包括表象持续时间、指导语侧重点与提示语设计。实验四采用优化范式，证明相对愉悦性表象，厌恶性表象在主观效价与唤醒度评分、皱眉肌肌电增强、心率减速以及皮肤温度下降上呈现一致变化，且效应受个体表象生动度差异的调节。实验五确认上述效应反映的是真实的情感体验，而非对提示语的语义知识。总体而言，这些发现确立了典型青年群体日常厌恶性表象的生理与主观基线标志，并强调范式优化对诱发可靠情感表象反应的关键作用。

原文摘要：Everyday aversive experiences, such as a crying infant or the sound of construction, are not life-threatening, yet they can strongly shape affective experience and physiological state. While most affective imagery research has focused on fear and anxiety, the mechanisms underlying imagery of mild, everyday aversive events remain underexplored. Across five experiments, we systematically investigated behavioral and physiological responses to aversive and appetitive mental imagery. Experiment 1 revealed robust corrugator EMG potentiation but comparatively weaker autonomic responses during aversive imagery compared with audiovisual and auditory stimulation. Experiments 2 and 3 identified key methodological factors that determine imagery potency, including imagery duration, instructional focus, and prompt design. Using an optimized paradigm, Experiment 4 demonstrated coherent changes across subjective valence and arousal ratings, EMG corrugator potentiation, heart rate deceleration, and skin temperature decreases for aversive compared with appetitive imagery, with effects modulated by individual differences in imagery vividness. Experiment 5 confirmed that these effects reflected genuine affective experience rather than semantic knowledge of the prompts. Together, these findings establish baseline physiological and subjective markers of everyday aversive imagery in typical young adults and emphasize the critical role of paradigm optimization in eliciting reliable affective imagery responses.

关键词：心理表象、厌恶性表象、面部肌电、心率、皮肤温度、皮肤电活动

研究目标：以往情感表象研究集中于恐惧与焦虑等威胁性内容，日常温和厌恶事件的心理表象能否可靠诱发情绪与自主神经反应、其生理标志如何刻画，以及何种范式参数才能稳定诱发这类反应，尚不清楚。

主要结论：厌恶性日常表象相对愉悦性表象可稳定引发皱眉肌肌电增强、心率减速与指端皮温下降，并与主观效价、唤醒度评分一致；效应强度受个体表象生动度调节，且反映真实情感体验而非提示语的语义知识。范式参数（表象时长、指导语与提示语设计）对能否诱发可靠反应起决定作用。

创新点：首次以五项递进实验系统刻画日常（非威胁性）厌恶表象的多通道外周生理特征，并通过方法学实验明确了表象持续时间、指导语侧重与提示语设计等范式参数对表象效力的影响，同时用控制实验排除了语义知识的替代解释。

后续建议：在青年健康群体之外扩展到儿童、老年及临床焦虑或抑郁群体，检验日常厌恶表象生理标志的普适性；将外周生理记录与脑成像或脑电同步，建立中枢—外周耦合的表象加工模型；引入个体化提示语生成（如基于被试自身经历的文本），进一步提升表象诱发强度；延长皮温等慢反应通道的记录窗口并统一重采样策略，减少不同采样率数据合并带来的偏差；开发基于多通道生理特征的逐试次表象效力在线指标，用于范式的实时质量控制

APA 引文：Yang, X., Oh, S., Stanley, J., Hammons, S., Anderson, A., Gandhi, E., Wedell, D. H., & Shinkareva, S. V. (2026). Physiological processing of everyday aversive mental imagery. Psychophysiology, 63(3), e70282. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70282

仪器引用：Facial muscle and autonomic responses during the experiment were recorded using a BIOPAC MP150 recorder (Biopac Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) with a sampling rate at 1000 Hz. EMG was recorded over corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major using a BioNomadix wireless amplifier. EDA was recorded with two Ag/AgCl electrodes using a GSR100C amplifier. ECG was recorded in a lead II configuration using an ECG100C amplifier. SKT was recorded with a sensor using a SKT100C amplifier.

摘要 · 中文整理：恐音症的特征是对特定触发性声音的耐受性下降，但其潜在生理机制仍不清楚。据报告，恐音反应不仅可由听觉触发刺激本身引发，也可由与这些声音相关联的视觉线索引发，然而关于与听觉触发相关的视觉线索的直接实证证据仍很有限。此外，在缺乏任何感觉输入的情况下（如听觉心理表象期间）能否引发恐音反应，也尚属未知。本研究采用多通道心理生理测量以及逐试次与时间分辨两种分析途径，系统考察了恐音触发刺激在听觉、视觉通道及听觉表象条件下引发的生理反应。恐音症个体与匹配对照被试接受以听觉、视觉（无声视频）与听觉表象方式呈现的触发性、一般厌恶性与非厌恶性刺激。生理反应经五个通道记录，包括皱眉肌（EMGc）与颧大肌（EMGz）肌电活动、皮肤电活动（EDA）、心率（HR）与指端皮肤温度。与一般厌恶刺激相比，听觉触发声音在恐音症个体中引发的生理反应显著大于对照被试，表现为 EMGc、EMGz、EDA 与 HR 升高，说明其情感与自主神经卷入超出了一般厌恶性。无声视觉触发线索同样引发了更强的触发特异性生理反应，但该效应仅出现在较少的生理通道（主要是 EMGc 与 HR）。听觉心理表象产生的组水平生理效应较弱，显著分化仅限于 EDA。在全部三种通道条件下，逐试次主观痛苦程度越高，EMGc、EMGz 与 EDA 反应越强，听觉与视觉条件下的 HR 反应亦然，表明生理激活与恐音痛苦的主观体验高度对应。相反，生理过度激活与恐音症总体严重程度或听觉表象能力无显著关联。总体而言，这些发现为恐音症在听觉与视觉知觉以及听觉表象条件下的外周生理反应提供了迄今最全面的刻画，证明恐音症的特征是对触发声音的情感与自主神经反应过度，并将该反应模式扩展到与触发声音相关的无声视觉线索，同时初步证明听觉心理表象可以激活恐音反应的部分成分。

原文摘要：Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance to specific trigger sounds, yet the underlying physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Misophonic responses are also often reported to be elicited not only by the auditory triggers themselves, but also by visual cues associated with those sounds. However, direct empirical evidence for visual cues associated with auditory triggers remains limited. Moreover, it is not known if misophonic responses can be elicited in the absence of any sensory input, such as during auditory mental imagery. The present study systematically examined physiological responses to misophonic trigger stimuli across auditory and visual sensory modalities, as well as auditory imagery, using multi-channel psychophysiological measures and both trial-wise and time-resolved approaches. Individuals with misophonia and matched control participants were exposed to trigger, generally aversive, and non-aversive stimuli presented in auditory, visual (silent video), and auditory imagery conditions. Physiological responses were recorded across five channels, including electromyographic activity over corrugator supercilii (EMGc) and zygomaticus major (EMGz) muscles, electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), and fingertip skin temperature. Compared with generally aversive stimuli, auditory trigger sounds elicited significantly greater physiological responses in individuals with misophonia than in control participants, characterized by increased EMGc, EMGz, EDA, and HR, indicating heightened affective and autonomic engagement beyond general aversiveness. Silent visual trigger cues also evoked greater trigger-specific physiological responses, although these effects were observed in fewer physiological channels (primarily EMGc and HR). Auditory mental imagery produced weaker group-level physiological effects, with significant differentiation limited to EDA. Across all three modalities, greater trial-wise subjective distress was consistently associated with greater EMGc, EMGz, and EDA responses, as well as greater HR responses in the auditory and visual modalities, indicating a close correspondence between physiological activation and the subjective experience of misophonic distress. In contrast, physiological overactivation was not significantly associated with overall misophonia severity or auditory imagery ability. Together, these findings provide the most comprehensive characterization to date of peripheral physiological responses in misophonia across auditory and visual perception, as well as auditory imagery. They demonstrate that misophonia is characterized by exaggerated affective and autonomic physiological responses to trigger sounds, extend this response profile to silent visual cues associated with trigger sounds, and provide initial evidence that auditory mental imagery can engage selected components of the misophonic response.

关键词：恐音症、触发性声音、听觉表象、面部肌电、皮肤电活动、心率、皮肤温度

研究目标：恐音症的外周生理机制不明确；与触发声音相关的视觉线索能否独立引发恐音反应缺乏直接证据；在没有任何感觉输入的听觉表象条件下能否引发恐音反应尚属未知。

主要结论：恐音症个体对听觉触发声音表现出超越一般厌恶性的过度情感与自主神经反应（EMGc、EMGz、EDA、HR 同时升高）；无声视觉触发线索亦可引发触发特异性反应，但通道更少（主要为 EMGc 与 HR）；听觉表象条件下的组间分化仅见于 EDA。逐试次主观痛苦与生理激活高度对应，而生理过度激活与恐音症总体严重程度及听觉表象能力无显著关联。

创新点：首次在同一范式中横跨听觉、视觉与听觉表象三种通道，采用五通道外周生理同步记录与逐试次、时间分辨双重分析途径刻画恐音症反应，并首次提供听觉心理表象可部分激活恐音生理反应的证据。

后续建议：统一全体被试的采样率与放大器设置，避免 200 Hz、1000 Hz、2000 Hz 混用带来的通道间可比性问题；扩大恐音症样本量并纳入不同严重程度亚组，检验生理过度激活与临床严重度缺乏关联的稳健性；增加个体化触发刺激（由被试自报触发源定制）以提升生态效度；结合中枢测量（脑电或功能磁共振）揭示视觉线索与听觉表象条件下的跨通道联想机制；将逐试次生理—主观耦合指标发展为可用于疗效评估的客观结局指标

APA 引文：Yang, X., Oh, S., Wedell, D. H., & Shinkareva, S. V. (2026). Physiological responses to auditory, visual, and auditory imagery triggers in misophonia. Psychophysiology, 63(9), e70390. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70390

仪器引用：The physiological responses were recorded across five channels using a BIOPAC MP150 system (Biopac Inc., Goleta, CA, USA), including EMGc, EMGz, EDA, HR, and fingertip SKT.

摘要 · 中文整理：对健康食品的消极态度与对不健康食品的积极态度显著削弱了更健康的选择，而评价性条件反射（EC）有可能扭转此类态度。评价性条件反射是一种学习程序，中性刺激通过与带有情感色彩的刺激反复配对而获得情感价值。本研究在两项实验中结合多通道生理测量仪器与虚拟现实技术，并将真实的食物品尝纳入干预流程，以探讨多感官评价性条件反射是否比单感官评价性条件反射更有效地助推健康饮食。研究一（N = 48）比较了单感官评价性条件反射（视觉或听觉）与多感官评价性条件反射（同时使用视觉与听觉刺激）的效果，发现多感官条件反射产生了更强的健康助推效应，心率与皮肤电反应等生理数据进一步支持了这一发现。为进一步提升多感官评价性条件反射范式的效力，研究二（N = 96）还探讨了媒介（2D 与虚拟现实）与食物类型（健康与不健康）对干预结果的影响。结果揭示出一种非对称效应：虚拟现实放大了多感官评价性条件反射对健康食品在态度相关与消费相关结果上的作用，但对不健康食品则不然。总体而言，本研究证明了多感官评价性条件反射在助推健康饮食方面的优势，并提供了一种低成本、易操作、有望扭转人们对健康食品消极态度的策略。

原文摘要：Negative attitudes toward healthy foods and positive attitudes toward unhealthy foods significantly undermine healthier choices, and evaluative conditioning (EC) has the potential to reverse such attitudes. EC is a learning procedure in which a neutral stimulus acquires emotional value through repeated pairings with an affectively charged stimulus. This research combined multi-channel physiological measurement instrument and virtual reality in two studies, incorporating actual food tasting into the intervention procedure, to explore whether multisensory EC is a more effective attitude change strategy than unisensory EC to nudge healthy eating. Study 1 (N = 48) compared the effectiveness of single-sensory EC (visual or auditory) versus multisensory EC (using both visual and auditory stimuli) and found that multisensory EC produced a stronger health-nudging effect. Physiological data, including heart rate and skin conductance responses, further supported this finding. To further enhance the efficacy of multisensory EC paradigms, Study 2 (N = 96) also explored the influence of media (2D vs. VR) and food type (healthy vs. unhealthy) on intervention outcomes. Results revealed an asymmetric effect: VR amplified the effects of multisensory EC on attitude-related and consumption-related outcomes for healthy foods, but not for unhealthy foods. Taken together, this research demonstrates the advantages of multisensory EC in nudging healthy eating and provides a low-cost, easy-to-operate strategy with the potential to shift people's negative attitudes toward healthy foods.

关键词：态度、评价性条件反射、食物选择、健康饮食、多感官知觉、虚拟现实

研究目标：人们对健康食品的消极态度阻碍了健康饮食选择；已有评价性条件反射干预多局限于单一感觉通道且缺乏真实食物品尝环节，其能否通过多感官配对与虚拟现实呈现获得更强的态度改变与行为助推效果尚不清楚。

主要结论：将真实食物品尝纳入配对流程的多感官（视听）评价性条件反射比单感官条件反射产生更强的健康助推效应，心率与皮肤电反应等生理数据为此提供客观支持；虚拟现实呈现进一步放大了多感官条件反射对健康食品的态度与消费相关效果，但对不健康食品无此放大作用。

创新点：首次将真实食物品尝（味觉）与视听无条件刺激结合构建多感官评价性条件反射范式，并同步采用多通道生理测量与虚拟现实媒介，揭示了虚拟现实增益在健康与不健康食品之间的非对称性。

后续建议：增加干预后随访与真实购买/进食行为测量，检验态度改变的持久性与生态效度；扩大并平衡样本的性别与年龄分布，检验效应在不同人群中的稳健性；在品尝时段加强运动伪迹控制或引入伪迹自动识别，提高心电与皮电指标的信噪比；补充嗅觉与触觉通道，系统考察感觉通道数量与条件反射强度的剂量—效应关系；探究虚拟现实增益在不健康食品上缺失的机制，例如通过临场感与注意分配指标加以解释

APA 引文：Yang, Y., Chen, C., Li, Y., & Huang, J. (2026). Taste, sight, and sound: Multisensory evaluative conditioning shifts attitudes and food choices toward healthy foods. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 18(4), e70205. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.70205

仪器引用：Physiological data were collected using a BIOPAC MP150 system with AcqKnowledge software at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. ECG and HR data were continuously recorded throughout the task.